省略句在状语从句中定语从句中的知识精讲
为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（ellipsis）。
（一）状语从句中
1. 如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式（am/is/are/was/were），可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。
① when，while引导的时间状语从句，如：
Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。
When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her. 我在上班的路上遇到了她。
② if，unless，once引导的条件状语从句，如：
If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment.
如果处理得当，垃圾将对环境无害。
I’ll not go to the party unless (I am) invited.
除非被邀请，否则我不会去参加晚会的。
③ though，although，whether，no matter whether/what/how/who等引导的让步状语从句，如：
He was happy, though/although (he was) poor.尽管他很穷，但他很快乐。
No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time.
无论这项任务多么艰巨，我们都必须按时完成。
（注：从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，只省略从句中的be动词形式）
④ as if，as though引导的方式状语从句，如：
He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a long sleep.
他揉了揉眼睛，打了个哈欠好像（他）经过长时间的睡眠后醒来。
He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.（as if/though + to do表示一个将来的动作）
他站起来，好像要离开。
⑤ than，as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法：当不同的主语进行比较时，一般省略从句中的谓语；当从句中的主语与谓语（be动词除外）和主句中的主语与谓语相同时，通常省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保留比较部分，如：
I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) in him. 我和你一样有信心
⑥ 以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that is，there is/are，如：
If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt.
如果有可能（必要）的话，这座古庙将重建。
（二）定语从句中
关系词的省略 关系代词that，which，whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时，可以省略；in which或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略，如：
The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa.
你昨天晚上拜访的那个人是我祖父。
I don’t like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl.
我不喜欢你对待那个女孩的方式。
1. ____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
A. It was we being late B. It was our being late
C. It was we were too late D. It was because we were late
【答案】B
【解析】强调的是句子主语 our being late，此题若还原成非强调句，即为：Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual. 注意，强调句的一个显著特点是，若去掉强调结构 it is [was]… that…，句子仍然成立；换句话说，该结构中的 that 不能充当句子成分。
2. “How was ______ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?” “Totally by chance.”
A. it that B. he that C. it when D. he which
【答案】A
【解析】为强调句的特殊疑问句形式，其相应的陈述句形式为：It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace.
3. _____ was very ______ that little Jim wrote the letter.
A. It, careful B. It, carefully C. He, careful D. He, carefully
【答案】B
4. “Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?” “It was in the hall ______ the students often have a meeting.”
A. where B. which C. that D. when
【答案】A
【解析】where the students often have a meeting 为定语从句，用以修饰其前的名词 the hall，句意为“是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅(找到教授的)”，这样语意就通顺了。
5. It was what he meant rather than what he said ______ annoyed me.
A. which B. as C. what D. that
【答案与解析】 D 此题为一个强调句型，空格处应填 that (即选D)，被强调成分为 what he meant rather than what he said。句意为“让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思”。
