英语短文改错考点分布与备考策略
备考策略
1. 牢固掌握语法知识,建立清晰的语法框架
在第一轮复习中,应把所有语法知识项目复习一遍,对各种词类的句法知识做到了如指掌,因为短文改错往往以词类考查为着眼点。如名词在句中作什么成分,形容词和副词在句法上有什么区别,什么时候用谓语动词,什么时候用非谓语动词,动词常考的时态有几种以及它们之间的区别和联系有哪些,连词的使用在英汉方面有何差异等。在头脑中建立起清晰的语法框架,在做短文改错时就会概念清楚,找点准确。
2.书面表达和短文改错相结合
从上述分析看,短文改错近乎于"粗心的学生挥手写就的一篇习作"。因此,大家在平时的训练中应重视书面表达的多重功能。可以说,书面表达语法错误百出的考生在短文改错解答时也一定会一塌糊涂。因此在书面表达训练中,大家一定要注意提高自己准确运用语言的能力。写完后不要老等着老师批改,应该自己把习作当作一篇短文改错来修改,看看时态运用是否得当,词类应用是否正确,名词的人称和数是否有误等。另外,大家还可以找一些题材、难度与短文改错相当或稍高的阅读短文,自己尝试设置短文改错,体会短文改错的命题规律和思路。持之以恒,大家的语言运用能力,以及识别错误的能力一定会大大提高。
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首先大家应把近几年的短文改错找来认真做一做,体会一下题的命题思路,保证练习的针对性,减少复习的盲目性。然后再找一些在各方面与题相似的题目进行强化训练。在短文改错的训练中,一定不要贪多、贪偏、求怪。因为从上面的分析,我们可以看出,短文改错考查的都是最基本的语言知识,没有偏题、怪题,本身的语言材料也不是很难。在平时的训练中,大家还应重点强化自己在考场上的心理素质,因为在考场上,有些错误不是你不会改,而是心理紧张导致思维紊乱。因此,大家做短文改错时,一定要注意培养自己的自信心和平和的心态,心态平和了思维才能清晰,找点才能准确,才能在短文改错中从容应对,取得佳绩。
短文改错中动词、连词、名词单复数、主谓一致和上下文语境是出题者经常考虑的出题点,其解题方法如下:
1. 动词错误的发现与解决。
英语中有许多的动词短语,是很难从字面上判断其意义的。其中与介词构成短语的动词是最常见的。我们在分析题目的时候,发现有动宾搭配的时候,应该考虑该动词是否是一个动词短语,并进而分析构成该动词短语的介词有无遗漏。对于动词短语的熟悉是一个长期积累的过程,需要随时总结与记忆。以下是常考的动词短语:
account for; add up to; back up; break down; break away from; bleak out; break up; break in; break off; bring about; bring up; bring out; bring down; build up; call off; call for; call on; carry out; check in; clear up; come off; come around; count on; cut down; cut off; do away with; dwell on; fall back on; fall out; get over; get out of; get at; give out; give up; give off; hang on; hold back; keep back from; keep up with; lay off; lay down; live up to; look into; look forward to; look over; make up; make out; pass away; put up with; role out; run out of; set about; take over; take up; take in; take off; turn up; turn out; work out 等。
还有一种常考的关于动词的用法就是时态和语态。如果考查谓语动词,那么应该分析是否是时态和语态的问题。应该重点分析主语与谓语动词的关系是主动还是被动。
2.连接词错误的发现与解决。
例: However, a second person thought that this was more a question of civilized behavior as good manners.
本题所考查的是表比较意义的连接词。从more可以看出 as是不恰当的,正确的答案应是把as改成than。 一般来说,比较连接词所考查的重点集中在as与than的用法上。
此外定语从句的连接词也要特别注意。我们看题:Instead,this other person told us a story,it he said was quite well known.在这里,句子的后半段很明显是一个非限制性的定语从句,所以应将it改为which。非限制性的定语从句的连接词在近几年的考试中反复出现,应该引起我们的重视。解决此类问题的方法是,凡是发现有复合句的分析对象,首先就要考虑从句的连接词。首先看是否有连接词,其次看连接词是否正确,尤其是which与 that的不同用法。
3.语言环境类错误的发现与解决。
从历年的题来看,语言环境类的错误是最有章可循的。这类错误一般是一行中的关键词与上下文所体现出来的意思完全相反。此类题的解决也较简单,将不符合文意的词改为它的反义词即可。
Passage 1
My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that 1 love .Though not very big ,but the Restaurant is popular in our area .It is always crowded with customers at meal times .Some People even had to wait outside My uncle tells me that the key to his Success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead,he hopes that our business will grow steady.
Passage 2
The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden you view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.
Passage 3
The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me . They were also the best and worse years in my life . At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. However, my parents didn’t seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one time , I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.