英语复习知识点其他情况下的主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。对于主谓一致的考查，主要集中在单项选择、完形填空、汉译英及其它类型的填空题中。在学习过程中，要掌握主谓一致的基本用法及常见搭配。
考查重点：
主谓一致的三个原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。
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其他情况
and连接并列主语时，谓语动词常常使用复数；但是and连接的并列主语指同一人、同一物时，谓语使用单数。
The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了(作家和教师指同一个人)
The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)
＂单数名词或代词+名词或代词+but/besides/except/including/like/with/along with/as well as /rather than/such as/together with+名词或代词作主语，谓语使用单数形式，如果之前的名词或代词是复数，则谓语使用复数。
Mike with his father has been to England.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
Mike, like his brother，enjoys playing football. 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
＂the number of+复数名词＂作主语谓语用单数; ＂a(good/large) number of+复数名词＂作主语，谓语动词用复数。
The number of the students is over eight hundred. 学生人数超过八百。
A number of teachers are present today，and the number of them is 500. 许多教师今天都出席了，有500人。
由两个相同部分组成的一个整体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数，如chopsticks，glasses，shoes，socks，stockings, trousers, boots等。若此类名词被"a kind of/a pair of’’修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
The scissors are on the shelf next to the cupboard. 剪刀在橱柜旁边的架子上。
A pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days. 近些天，眼镜的售价很高。
当not only... but also...，not... but...，or，either... or….，neither... nor...等连接并列主语时，以及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式采用就近一致原则。
Neither Jack and I have seen this film.杰克和我都没有看过这部电影
Either you or he is to attend the meeting tomorrow.或者是你或者是他去参加明天的会议。
某些集体名词，如class, club, family, team, group等，作主语时，谓语动词采用意义一致原则，即依据名词的具体含义来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。
The company has grown rapidly in the last five years.这家公司五年来迅速发展壮大。
The family are celebrating Thanksgiving in this picture.在这张相片里，全家人正在庆祝感恩节。
【知识拓展】如果这一类集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词使用单数形式，如果这一类词指的是具体成员，则谓语动词应该使用复数形式。
This Way to Dreamland
Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. 71 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.
But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. 72 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?
So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?
First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. 73 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.
It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. 74
Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. 75
Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.
A. Having interesting things to think about also helps.
B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves.
C. Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relativity, Coke or Post ¬it notes.
D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.
E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self¬ control that helps people stay calm and attentive.
F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.
G. Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone.
答案
71. B【解析】本段说的是大众印象中的“做白日梦”有哪些弊端，所以只能从B、D两项中进行选择，再结合此空前后They can...和They annoy...句式结构可确定B项为正确答案。
72. C【解析】本段讲了“做白日梦”的许多好处。结合空后句中的such ideas and inventions以及选项中的relativity，Coke or Post¬ it notes可以确定C项为正确答案。
73. A【解析】本段主要讲如何做才能使自己获得“做白日梦”的机会。结合空前的will help和选项中的also helps可知，A项“想一些有趣的事情也有帮助(有助于进入‘做白日梦’的境界)”为正确答案。
74. E【解析】本段主要讲如何避免不合时宜地“做白日梦”。空前提到“集中注意力是一些人用来避免入睡的一种工具”，E项中的calm and attentive(沉着和专心)与此相符，选项中的it指代mindfulness。
